Eastern, Northern & Port Sudan

The SAF-held east and north — the de facto seat of the recognized government for most of the war. Port Sudan (Bur Sudan) on the Red Sea has functioned as the wartime capital, hosting government, UN agencies, and the main aid corridor; it has also come under RSF drone attack. Kassala and Gedaref in the east; Atbara, Dongola, Merowe, and Nubia in the north. Relatively more stable, but strategically central to aid logistics and reconstruction.